भारत हमको जान से प्यारा है !

OM SAI RAM!!!

सारे जहाँ से अच्छा हिन्दुस्तां हमारा - Happy Republic Day - गणतंत्र दिवस की शुभकामनाये

वंदे मातरम!

सुजलाम, सुफलाम, मलयज शीतलाम्,
शस्य श्यामलाम मातरम |
शुभ्र ज्योत्सना पुलकित यामिनीम्,
फुल्ल कुसमित द्रुमदल शोभिनीम्
सुहासिनीम सुमुधुर भाषिणीम्
सुखदाम वरदाम मातरम् |
वंदे मातरम् ||
कोटि-कोटि कंठ कल-कल निनाद कराले,
कोटि-कोटि भुजैधृत खर कर वाले |

अबला केनो मां एतो बले
बहुबल धारिणीम् नमामि तारिणीम्,
रिपुदल वारिणीम मातरम् |
वंदे मातरम् ||
तुमि विद्या तुमि धर्म, तुमि हृदि तुमि मर्म,
त्वं हि प्राणाः शरीरे
बाहुते तुमि मां शक्ति, हृदये तुमि मां भक्ति
तोमारई प्रतिमा गड़ि मन्दिरे-मन्दिरे
वंदे मातरम् ||

त्वं हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरण धारिणी
कमला कमल-दल विहारिणी
वाणी विद्यादायिनी नमामि त्वाम्
नमामि कमलाम्, अमलाम्, अतुलाम्,
सुजलाम्, सुफलाम्, मातरम्,
वंदे मातरम् ||
श्यामलाम्, सरलाम्, सुस्मिताम्, भूषिताम्
धारिणीम भरणीम मातरम्|
वंदे मातरम् ||

How January 26 became our Republic Day?

At a time when most institutions of Governance have
suffered grave loss of legitimacy, the Indian Constitution has continued to command respect.

As India celebrates its 62nd year of being a Republic on the 26th January 2012, let us
take a look at the architects of the Indian Constitution and how they gave our country
the right start that was strong enough to keep it together in war and peace.

Although India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947,
it did not yet have a permanent constitution. Instead, its laws were based on the modified
colonial Government of India Act 1935. The country was a Dominion, with George VI as
head of state and Earl Mountbatten as Governor General.

The Republic Day, one of the three national holidays in India,
marks the adoption of the Constitution of India and the transition of India from a
British Dominion to a Republic on January 26, 1950.

However, the process of evolution of Constitution began much earlier than 1947.
Its origin is closely related to India's struggle for Independence from British rule.

Way back in 1895 the leaders of India's freedom struggle Annie Besant and Lokmanya
Tilak had put forward a document called Constitution of India Bill (also known as Home Rule Bill)
which envisaged freedom of expression and equality before law.

In February 1924, Motilal Nehru introduced and passed a
resolution outlining the procedure for drafting and adopting a Constitution for India
in the Central Legislative Assembly.

The Nehru Report submitted on 10th August 1928 was in effect an outline of a draft
Constitution of India.

It envisaged equal rights to men and women regardless of caste, class, religion or region,
free elementary education, freedom of expression to all etc. The secular character of the
State was listed as a fundamental right. However, Quaid-i-Azam and other Muslim leaders
condemned the Nehru Report.

The revolutionary idea that framing of Constitution should
be made by a Constituent assembly elected with widest possible franchise and not by
a nominated body of legal experts, first propounded by M.N.Roy and Jawaharlal Nehru
began to gain ground.

Congress included it in the election manifesto for 1936-37 elections to provincial
legislatures. The British however, agreed to it only in 1945 after the end of second
world war.

Congress had to agree to the Cabinet Mission's scheme of the elected provincial assembly
members electing the members of Constituent Assembly as till then such elections had
never been held.

Eventually, Congress won a huge majority of seats in the Constituent assembly

The first session of the Constituent Assembly was held on
December 9, 1946 and was attended by 207 members.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as Chairman.

The Assembly formed different sub committees dealing with different aspects of the
Constitution. The most important Drafting Committee was under the Chairmanship
of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.

After long and painstaking deliberations and several
modifications lasting for 166 days in a period of about 3 years the Constituent Assembly
approved the draft Constitution on November 26 1949.

The longest written Constitution of the World became law on January 26 1950. The
Constitution lays down a set of rules to which the ordinary laws of the country must
conform. It provides a framework for a democratic and Parliamentary from of Government
and provides a list of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.

Though, there have been certain reservations on the way the Indian Constitution came
into force. Critics glared the lack of representation of the marginalized including the
scheduled caste and scheduled tribes as well as the gender bias prevalent in the process
of electing members for the Constituent Assembly.

The Muslim League continued to oppose the Constituent Assembly raising the demand
for a separate State. Even though it won a big majority of Muslim seats, it never took
part in the deliberations of the Assembly.

Despite the odds, the Indian Constitution's unambiguous
commitment to a democratic, secular, equitable, civil libertarian society will be the anchor
of support on which India can confidently face and conquer any upheaval.

OM SAI RAM, SRI SAI RAM, JAI JAI SAI RAM !!!

Note: This information has been compiled from various sources and it has no reference to any particular context

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