Dukkha ( in Pali Language ) - Sorrow / Sadness / Suffering
Dukkha ( Sorrow / Sadness / Suffering ) - The First Noble Truth - The truth of sorrow
Dukkha is explaining sorrow, sadness and suffering. Not only that, it consists of incompleteness, instability, meaninglessness as well.
The Lord Buddha said that life consisted of sorrow, sadness and suffering. Human nature is not perfect. Our surroundings are not stable too. We suffer physically from pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, ageing, and death during our life time. Also we have psychological suffering such as sadness, fear, frustration, disappointment, and depression. Our life is subject to impermanence. Not only life, everything originated in this universe is impermanent. This means we are never able to keep permanently anything even our lives. We are aging. We get ill. We are becoming disfigured due to aging. We will die some day. But, we can not stop them.
There are three components we should know regarding life and enjoyment of life.
Strong desire
Bad results due to strong desire
Relieving from the desire
For example :
When you see an attractive, beautiful person, you will like him or her. You like to look at him or her again and again. Then, you feel happiness. This is desire.
But, that particular person and his or her beauty are not stable. Not only that, also your happiness is not stable.
When you can't see the particular person, you will feel sadness, you suffer, become impatient. Sometimes you will do silly things. These are bad results due to strong desire.
If there is no desire or emotional bond, you will not feel sadness. You will not suffer. Then, you will be independent. This is the relief from desire.
There are three kinds of suffering according to the Lord Buddha.
Dukkha dukkha ( ordinary sorrow, suffering )
Dukkha dukkha ( ordinary sorrow, suffering )
Viparinama dukkha ( grief caused by change )
Sankhara dukkha ( sorrow, suffering due to six internal sense media of the body )
Dukkha dukkha ( ordinary sorrow, suffering )
This explains suffering due to birth, aging, getting sick, death, association with the unbeloved, separation from the loved, not getting what is wanted, all physical and mental suffering.
We suffer from everything mentioned above due to birth. If there is no birth, there will not be suffering. We don't like aging, getting sick, and death. But, we can not change them. So, we are suffering from them. Not only that, we feel sad, sorrow due to these factors.
Viparinama dukkha ( grief caused by change )
Everything is impermanent. From moment to moment they are changing continuously. We can not stop changing them. Once we are happy, we feel comfort. Next, we feel sad, fear, discomfort. Then, we don't like to feel them. But, we can not stop those feelings. So, we suffer. Even our feelings are changing. They are impermanent.
Sankhara dukkha ( sorrow, suffering due to six internal sense media of the body )
This is the most important component in the first noble truth. First of all, we should consider the concepts of "the animal being", "person", "I".
According to the Buddhism, "the animal being", "person", "I" consist of changeable physical and mental energies. These can be divided into five parts ( the five clinging aggregates ). We consist of these five clinging aggregates.
Bodily form ( Pali - rupa )
Faculty of perception (Pali - vedana )
Sense - Identification of physical or mental stimuli (Pali -sangna )
Mental formations (Pali - sankhara )
Knowledge ( Pali - vinknana )
These five consist of sorrow, suffering, incompleteness, instability.So, we are suffering due to these five components. Now, we should consider these five sections separately one by one.
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Sai baba let your holy lotus feet be our sole refuge.OMSAIRAM